![]() The higher the number, the farther north (if it’s a + number) or south (if it’s a − number).īecause of Earth’s tilt is 23.5° the latitudes of +23.5° and −23.5° are special and have special names. The imaginary lines around Earth that are parallel to the Equator are called lines of latitude. It divides Earth into the Northern and the Southern Hemispheres. The equator is an imaginary line drawn right around Earth’s middle, like a belt. This tilt is the cause of Earth’s seasons. CREDIT This means that the Sun’s light does not hit the Earth evenly at a particular latitude above and below the equator. The orbital ellipse (with eccentricity exaggerated for effect) goes through each of the six Earth images, which are sequentially the perihelion (periapsis-nearest point to the Sun) on anywhere from 2 January to 5 January, the point of March equinox on 20 or 21 March, the point of June solstice on 20 or 21 June, the aphelion (apoapsis-the farthest point from the Sun) on anywhere from 4 July to 7 July, the September equinox on 22 or 23 September, and the December solstice on 21 or 22 December. This diagram shows the relation between the line of solstice and the line of apsides of Earth’s elliptical orbit. This means that the Sun’s light does not hit the Earth evenly at a particular latitude above and below the equator. This line is tilted 23.5° from Earth’s orbital path around the Sun. The axis of rotation is an imaginary line drawn straight through Earth connecting the North Pole to the South Pole. The solstices happen because of the tilt of Earth’s axis of rotation with respect to its orbital path around the Sun. Solstices also mark the change from fall to winter or spring to summer. On the December solstice, the Sun reaches its highest point in the sky for an observer at the South Pole. On the June solstice, the Sun reaches its highest point in the sky for an observer at the North Pole. ![]() What are solstices? There are two solstices in a year, the June solstice (between June 20-22) and the December solstice (between December 20-23). You can convert from UTC to your local time by simply Googling it (e.g.Sunrise is at 3:49 UTC (Monday, June 20 11:49 pm EDT, 8:49 pm PST). ![]()
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